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Genx Fitzhdgh Lee 



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VIRGINIA'S 
NEXT GOVERNOR, 

Gen. fitzhugh lee 



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NOTE. — This little biographical sketch was written by one of Virginia's 
most eminent divines, as well as one of its ablest writers ; but owing to the 
author's modesty liis name is witliheld. 

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un 



SEP 21 1885 



NEW YORK : 

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26 & as Vesey St. 




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Copyrighted 1885. 



PliEFACE. 



Wc present to the readers of this pamphlet, on the 
front cover, an excellent likeness of the much be- 
loved and popular Democratic candidate for 
Governor of Virginia, General FiTZiiUGii Lee, and 
wc hope for the kind appreciation of the reading 
people of Virginia, (especially among the Democratic 
party,) in its large circulation. 

THE AUTHOR. 



OUR NEXT GOVERNOR, 

Gen. FITZHUGH LEE, 

OF VIRGINIA. 



If it be true that " blood will tell," then may we claim 
for the subject of this sketch the advantage of as illustrious 
a lineage as ever fell to the lot of man. 

For two centuries the Lees have been illustrious in the 
annals of the "Old Dominion," have written their names 
upon the brightest pages of colonial and revolutionary 
history, have won highest honors in the path of glory that 
led to the halls of the Montezumas, and have filled the 
world with the fame of their great deeds in the "war 
between the States." 

A recent writer, skilled in tracing genealogies, has shown 
that they are directly descended from King Robert, the 
Bruce of Scotland, and have inherited all of his noble 
traits. 

But the Lees of to-day have no need to trace back their 
ancestry to princes or kings, for they are themselves among 
the noblest of the name — 

" The knightlicst of the knightly race, 
That in the days of old, 
Kept bright the lamp of chivalry, 
Aglow in hearts of gold. " 

And certain it is that if the name had never been illustri- 
ous before, the gallant deeds, the genial character, the 
sterling integrity, the honest industry, and the patriotic 



public services of Fitzhugh Lee would be enough to make 
it— 

" One of the few, the immortal names, 
That were not born to die." 

Gen. Fitzhugh Lee was born at Clermont, Fairfax County, 
Virginia, November 19, 1835, and is now in the fiftieth year of 
his age. His father was Capt. Sydney Smith Lee, who left 
the United States Navy at the breaking out of the war and 
joined the Confederate Navy. 

Gen. Lee is a grandson of Gen. Henry Lee, or " Light- 
Horse Harry," and a nephew of the late Gen. Kobert E. 
Lee. The mother of Gen. Lee was a granddaughter of 
George Mason and a sister of James M. Mason, who for 
many years represented Virginia in the United States Senate, 
and was Minister from the Confederacy in England during 
war. 

We know but little of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee's boyhood days, 
save that he is spoken of by old neighbors and friends as a 
bright, manly boy, full of fun, and fo.nder of the play-ground 
than of his books. 

At the age of sixteen he was appointed a cadet at West Point, 
where he graduated in 1856, and having graduated at the 
head of his class in horsemanship, he was commissioned 
Second-Lieutenant in the famous old Second Cavalry (now 
the Fifth), of which Albert Sidney Johnston was Colonel, 
K. E. Lee, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Wm. J. Hardte and 
George H. Thomas, Majors. Among the Captains were Earl 
Van Dorn, E. Kirby Smith, Innis M. Palmer and George 
Stoueman, and among the Lieutenants were Nathan G. 
Evans, Richard W. Johnson, Charles W. Field, Geo. B- 
Cosby, William W. Lowe, John B. Hood and Fitzhugh Lee, 
all of whom rose to high rank in either the Confederate or 
the Federal armies. 



Our young Lieutenant soon distinguished himself even in 
this brilliaLt galaxy of soldiers, and won the admiration of 
his comrades, and the respect and confidence of his superi- 
ors. He first rendered very important service (under Col. 
Charles A, May, of Mexican War famej at Carlisle Barracks, 
Pa., in drilling and disciplining new recruits, and it was the 
reputation he won here, as well as his standing at West 
Point and subsequent service on the frontier, which secured 
for him afterwards an appointment as Instructor of Cavalry 
at the Military Academy . After a year's service at Carlisle 
Barracks he was sent to join his regiment, then serving on 
the frontier of Texas, where he greatly distinguished him- 
self in the various fights with the Indians. 

He was the Second-Lieuleuant of Kirby Smith's com- 
pany, and when the company joined the celebrated and suc- 
cessful Wichita expedition under Van Dorn, Lee was 
selected by Van Dorn as his adjutant. Li the battle of May 
13, 1859, between six comi^anies of his regiment and a large 
force of Comanche Indians (the largest fight that had ever 
taken place between the Indians and U. S. troops), he was 
chosen to command a picked body that charged on foot the 
thick jungle in which the Indians had taken refuge. 

He fell, towards the conclusion of the fight, pierced 
through the lungs with an arrow, was carried out on the 
prairie, and for some weeks his life was despaired of. He 
was borne over 200 miles over the prairie back to his jDOst, 
in a horse litter. He finally recovered of his wound and re- 
gained his health, contrary to the expectations of his 
physicians. 

General Scott, in published orders, mentioning this suc- 
cess and referring to the commanding officer's report, 
says : 

" Major Van Dorn notices the conspicuous gallantry and 
energy of Second-Lieutenant Fitzhugh Lee, A djutant of the 
expedition, who was dangerously wounded." 



On the 15th of January, 1800, we find him again men- 
tioned in orders by General Scott, as having, in command 
of a portion of his company, hud another fight with the 
Indians, in which his rapid pursuit, recovery of stolen 
property, and personal combat with one of the chiefs are all 
highly commended. 

In latter joart of May, 1860, Lee was detached from his 
regiment and ordered to report to West Point as an In- 
structor in Cavalry — a complimentary detail, and one eagerly 
sought for by ofiicers of mounted regiments. Under his 
tuition at that time was Kilpatrick, Custer, and others who 
have obtained some fame since among their comrades. 

He was one of the most popular and successful instructors 
whom West Point ever had. 

Rigid in his discipline, and at the same time courteous 
and polite to all, he won the respect of his associates, and 
the enthusiastic love of the cadets, while he was making a 
reputation as a teacher, which clearly showed that he could 
have made a splendid success of the noble art of teaching, 
had he chosen that as his profession. 

When the war broke out he was at his post at the Military 
Academy, and strong inducements were offered him, and 
strong pressure brought to bear ujion him to keep him in 
the "old service." He was told that if he was not willing to 
fight on the side of the Union, he could remain during the 
war in his position as Instructor at West Point, where honor, 
good pay, and easy service where at his command. But 
Fitzhugh Lee was not the man to compromise with his 
convictions, or hesitate in the path of duty. All of his earl}' 
training, his education, the traditions of his family, and his 
tenderest associations, and dearest ties, bound him to the 
Union. 

But, as adescendent of George Mason, and of" Light Horse 
Harr}^ Lee," he had been trained in that school which recog- 



9 

nized the sovereignity of the States. He did uot believe iu 
the right of the National Government to coerce a seceding 
State — and when the voice of his native Virginia called on 
her sons to rally to her defence, our young knight rode 
forth as pi-omptly to obey her call, as knight of old, ever res- 
ponded to the call of "fair lady." He resigned his com- 
mission in the U. S. Army, and, along with his gallant 
father, noble uncle, and chivalric brothers and cousins, he 
tendered his stainless sword to " the land he loved so well," 
the cause he was to serve with a true knight's devotion. 

He was first i^laced on staif duty, and made Adjutant- 
General of the brigade of General B. S . Ewell, in which 
capacity he served during the first battle of Manassas, 
and until September, 18G1, when on the strong recommenda- 
tion of General J. E. Johnston, and General J. E. B. Stuart, 
he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Virginia Cavalry, 
of which Stuart was then Colonel. 

He distinguished himself in the I rilliant outpiost service 
of the cavalry along the lines in front of "Washington, which 
won for his devoted friend, ' 'Jeb." Stuart, his wreath and 
stars as Brigadier-General, and showed the very highest 
qualities as a cavalry leader. 

When Stuart was promoted, he was made Colonel of the 
regiment, and when, in April, 1862, the re-organization of 
the ai'my occurred, (under that vicious law, that gave the 
men the privilege of electing their own officers) near York- 
town, he was elected Colonel of the regiment with only 
four dissenting voices. 

Henceforth our "gallant Fitzhugh "' was so intimately 
connected with the cavalry of the Army of Northern Vix'- 
ginia that a sketch of his services would be a history of the 
cavalry corps ; only a brief outline can be given. 

On the retreat from Yorktown, Lee's regiment was given 
the duty of watching the York Biver, and he first crave in- 



10 

formation of ihe flanking movemerit up that river of 
Franklin, and his landing at Barhamsville — personally recon- 
noitering so close that he gave not only the number bi.t Ihe 
names of the enemy's transports and gunboats. In the suc- 
ceeding operations around Richmond, Lee was with the 
command of General Stuart, and participated in all the en- 
terprises of that officer. 

About the middle of June, 1862, Stuart performed his 
famous raid around the army of McClellan as it L^y in front 
of Richmond. Lee, with Lis regiment, was selected to ac- 
company him, and shared with one ether regiment and a 
batallion the dangers of that enterprise, which "blazed the 
way for Jackson's subsequent flank movement." 

After the battles around Richmond, more cavalry were 
brought from the South and formed into a brigade under 
Wade Hamilton. 

Stuart was made Major-General, and Fitzhugh Lee was 
promoted to the rank of Brigadier, taking Stuart's place, the 
latter commanding the two brigades. Lee's brigade con- 
sisted of the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Ninth Virginia 
Regiments, with a Battery of Horse Artillery under Captain 
James Breathed. 

In the campaign against the Federal Gentral Pope, Fitz- 
hugh Lee's command, together with B. H. Robertson's bri- 
gade (Ashby's old brigade), constituted the command of 
Stu::rt. Hampton was left in the vicinity of Richmond, and 
joined the army aftei'wards in Maryland. 

The services of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee in this campaign were 
impor!aut and valuable, and were recognized by the Com- 
manding-General in lively terms. 

Just before the second battle of Manassas a chivalrous in- 
cident occurred. Genei'al Fitzhugh Lee had surprised and 
captured a squadron of the Second U . S. Pragoons (regu- 
Jf^rs)^ and disc9vering some old cQrar?^cles among the officers. 



11 

he merely took their word that they would not escape, and 
kept them at his headquarters as guests. They rode with his 
staff and himself during a few days' subsequent operations, 
and were occasionally under the fire of their own men. 
Through the intercession of General Lee these officers were 
made an exception to the retaliatory rule against the officers 
of Pope's army, and were paroled. They were furnished 
with horses to ride to their own line. 

During the thickest of the fight one of these old com- 
rades, noticing that the General was in need of a staff 
officer io carry a dispatch, said to him : "I will carry it for 
you, Fitz." "Good," replied the chivalrous soldier, "I 
will be much obliged if you will do so. I rely on your 
honor to carry it straight," and the gallant fellow galloped 
through a heavy fire from his own men, delivered the mes- 
sage, and brought back the reply. 

In Stuart's celebrated raid on Catlett's Station, in which 
he captured General Pope's headquarters, and secured in- 
formation which shaped the subsequent plans of General K. 
E. Lee, General Fitzhugh Lee led the van, and came 
very near capturing General Pope himself. 

Just after the war. General Lee was at Willard's Hotel, in 
Washington one day, quietly reading a newspaper, when a 
party of Federal officers came in, and entering into ihe 
relation of war reminiscences, they soon began to talk about 
the affair at Catlett's Station. One of them gave a very i 
vivid account of how Colonel Louis Marshall (a first cousin of 
General Fitzhugh Lee,) and himself were quietly mixing 
their glasses of toddy (sweetening to their taste, putting in 
nutmeg, ice, etc.) in one of the tents at Headquarters, when 
suddenly the " Eebel yell " was heard, and Stuart's cavalry 
came charging out of the blackness of that rainy night, and 
through the camp. " And I declare to you, gentlemen," 
said the narrator, " that I never remembered, and cannot 



12 

tell to this day, whether we drank those toddies or not, 1 
do know that we went through the back of the tent and 
escaped to the woods in the darkness." 

" General Fitzhugh " who had listened with deep interest 
to the narrative, and, who could stand it no longer, arose 
and said: "Excuse me, gentlemen, for interrujDting your 
conversation, but it so happens that I can supj)ly the in- 
formation about which that gentlemen seems in doubt. 
They did not drink those toddies. I drank one of them 
myself, and a friend who was with me drank the other. 
Coming up to the tent just after it was vacated, we found 
two glasses of toddj'-, and, had sufficient confidence that it 
was not poisoned to try its quality; and I can testify 
that this gentleman and my respected cousin, Louis Mar- 
shall, know how to make toddies.''' This was, of course, 
greeted with hearty laughter. In response to eager inquiries 
the General quietly said: "My name is Fitzhugh Lee, of 
the Virginia cavalry." And there were introductions, and 
a most cordial interchange of reminiscences of the war; the 
General finding it very difficult to break away at all from 
his quondam enemies, but new-made friends, and when he 
did so, it was with a promise to meet them again, and give 
them an opportunity of " drawing rations" for the gallant 
and chivalrous cavalryman. 

General Lee's services during the battle of Manassas, 
and the subsequent advance across the Potomac into Mary- 
land, were invaluable. 

On the night of the 14th of September, after D. H. Hill's 
defence of South Mountain Pass, near Boonsboro, and it 
was decided to retire him to Sharpsburg,' General Fitzhugh 
Lee, who had just returned to the army from a long reconnois- 
sance, was ordered to relieve the pickets then in close 
proximity to the enemy, in order that Hill might withdraw 
undiscovered. This was a most difficult and dangerous en- 



18 

terprise. It was so admirably performed, and such was the 
vigor of Lee's opposition, that the enemy did not appear on 
the opposite side of the Antietam until the afternoon of the 
second day. 

After the battle of Sharpsburg, and when it was decided 
to withdraw the army to the Virginia side of the Potomac, 
General Fitzhugh Lee was again chosen to relieve the 
pickets while they were withdrawn under cover of the night. 
It was a hazardous operation. 

General Lee had to string his whole brigade out the length 
of the line of battle of the enemy, dismount his men some 
distance in the rear, and send them to relieve the infantry 
pickets of the entire army, which were within easy hearing 
of those of the enemy. It had to be done in such a way 
that the enemy should not discover the change, but con- 
tinue to imagine the whole Confederate force in their 
front. 

The Potomac rolled only three miles ofl", and there was 
but one ford, and that a bad one, to cross. Should the 
enemy discover the ruse, there "was, tbe difficulty of getting 
this brigade, in its scattered, dismounted condition across 
the river, to rejoin the army. 

During the night of the 18th of September the Army of 
Northern Virginia was safely withdrawn to the south side 
of the Potomac, and when day dawned on the 10th, in its 
place, confronting the whole army of McClellan, was Fitz- 
hugh Lee's brigade. It was soon in the saddle, and before 
McClellan could recover from his surprise had safely re" 
crossed the river, having first given the enemy's advance 
a parting salute on the Maryland side. 

The services of the cavalry in this campaign were re- 
markable, and in the official report of the commanding 
officer it was declared : 

"Its vigilance, activity and courage were conspicuous, 



14 

and to its assistance is due, in a great measure, some of the 
most important and delicate oj)erations of the campaign." 

In subsequent operations near the line of the Rajipahau- 
nock, General Fitzhugh Lee was active, co-operating with 
other portions of Stuart's cavalry in the attack on the 
enemy's rear at Dumfries, and in February, 1863, having 
an independent affair with the enem}-, breaking through his 
outposts near Falmouth, and taking 150 prisoners. 

Having retired to his camp in the vicinity of Culpeper 
Court House, he was called upon to meet a retaliatory move- 
ment of the enemy's cavalry, which, having crossed the 
Rappahannock on the 17th of March, designed to overwhelm 
his detached brigade. An entire division of cavalry', under 
Averill, (about 3,000 men,) was assigned to the enterprise. 
With not more than 800 of his command (many of the men 
having been sent home to recruit their horses). General Lee 
moved out to meet the enemj, and fought the brilliant 
battle of Kelly's Ford. It was a decisive victory for the 
Confederates, and the hardest cavalry fight of the war, con- 
sidering the numbers engaged. 

In the battle of Chancellorsville, General Fitzhugh Lee's 
brigade was selected to precede the troops in General Jack- 
son's grand flank movement, and was disposed in such a 
manner as to guard the front and flanks of the columns from 
observation. It was the close personal reconnoissance of 
Lee that gave Jackson the point of view, where he could 
observe the lines and batteries of Howard's corps, and where, 
comprehending the situation at a glance, he instantly changed 
his plan of attack to that which completely surprised the 
enemy. By this observation General Jackson discovered a 
way which would let Rode's division into the rear of 
Howard's line, and at once gave a new command to 
it to cross the plank road on which it was moving. 
The I'esult was that this division came so unexp«ctedly 



upon the enemy that some of his batteries were cap- 
tured, with their muzzles pointing in an opposite direc- 
tion. In the Pennsylvania campaign General Fitzhugh Leo 
was with Stuart, and his command was constantly engaged 
with the enemy. In the eevere fight at Hanover, Pa., 
he saved the day by coming in on the enemy's rear and 
routing Kilpatrick^s division. At Gettysburg he was on 
the extreme left, hotly engaging the enemy's cavalry, and on 
the subsequent retreat of the ai'm}^ he did his accustomed 
good service in bringing up the rear. 

In the latter part of 1863 the cavahy of the Army of 
Northern Virginia was divided into two divisions, of three 
brigades each ; and Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee were pro- 
moted to command them, the two being under Stuart as 
senior Major-General. This promotion General Fitzhugh 
Lee had obtained on a record of almost unexampled success; 
his active disposition and brilliant courage had by this time 
made for h.'m one of the first reputations in the army. The 
repeated mention of his name in the careful reports of Gen- 
eral Robert E. Lee had made it familiar and dear to the pub- 
lic, and in May, 1863, shortly after the battle of Cbancellors- 
ville.we find the Commanding-General warmly writing to him 
as follows : 

"Your admirable conduct, devotion to the cause 
of your country, and devotion to duty fiU me with 
pleasure. I hope you will soon see her efforts for indepen- 
dence crowned with success, and long live to enjoy the 
affection and gratitude of your country." 

No doubt General Robert E. Lee felt honorable pride in 
the achievements of his gallant nephew. At another time he 
wrote : 

" Your division has - always had a high reputation. 
It must not lose it." 

And it never did lose it to the last day of the Confederacy, 



16 

We must pass to the vital camjjaign of 1804 to find the 
most memorable and brilliant j)assages in the military 
career of General Fitzhugh Lee. In the very opening ol 
the campaign, when Grant crossed the Eapidan, Lee's division 
was called upon for a decisive action. It then formed the 
right of the long Confederate line, extending from Madison 
Court House to a point below Fredericksburg, and was 
raj)idly moved to cover Spottsylvania Court House. From 
this time commenced a series of cavalry fights, running from 
North Virginia to the neighborhood of Richmond. 

On the day that Longstreet's advance reached Spottsyl- 
vania Court House the Federal cavahy was relieved by the 
Fifth Corjjs, Infantry (the advance of Grant's army), and 
against this force tbe cavalry division of Fitzhugh Lee held 
its ground most manfully, until the Confederate infantry ar- 
rived, and the position was secured to General Lee. 

The importance of Spottsylvania Court House as a mili- 
tary position was then vital, and the service of Lee's cavalry 
on this occasion was an important element of the cam- 
paign. 

Scarcely a day elapsed when it was called to another and 
iminent field. Sheridan had started on a raid to the Central 
Kailroad, and in the direction of Richmond, and Lee's di- 
vision was ordered to foUow, General Stuart having joined 
it, and reinforced the expedition by Gordon's brigade, 
which, however, moved by a difterent route. On the entire 
march Lee's advance was engaged with the enemy's rear. 

It chased out of Ashland a Massachusetts regiment which 
had already fired three houses ia the village, and the same 
day at Yellow Tavern, six miles from Richmond, it fought 
in one of the most thrilling conjunctures, within hearing of 
the alarmed inhabitants of the capital. From ten in the 
morning until six in the evening Fitzhugh Lee's seven regi- 
ments contested ground "with Sheridan's whole corps, and 



17 

accomplished the object of the action in the pi;rchase of 
time, although forced at last to retire. 

It was in this engagement that General Stuart fell, and it 
must have comforted the heroic heart of the dying man that 
the favorite division of the command had won such an im- 
portant day. 

A letter from General Bragg to General Fitzhugh Lee, 
after the battle, assured him that the safety of Richmond 
had been accomjDlished at Yellow Tavern; as the resistance 
there had enabled him to withdraw troops from Drewry's 
Bluff to man the works on that side of the city. 

It is not possible within the limits of this sketch to 
include all the operations of General Fitzhugh Lee's com- 
mand, when the campaign lingered around Richmond, and 
the cavalry was almost daily skirmishing on the lines or 
making excursions to check Sheridan's active and eratic 
movements. The action, however, of Ream's Station claims 
notice as the most important incident cf these operations. 

The prize contested here, was the Danville Road, and the 
glory achieved here by Fitzhugh Lee's division is a laurel of 
the command not to be omitted. Two divisions of Federal 
cavalry under Wilson, were' rfcturnicg from their raid 
on the railroad, when Lee in concert with two of Mahone's 
brigades, struck them, stripped them of their spoils and ar- 
tillery, and put them to shameful route. Wilson carried 
back to his lines nothing on wheels; his wagons, eighteen 
pieces of artillery, and even his ambulances fell into Lee's 
hands; besides, eight hundred negroes who Lad been 
abducted from their homes. 

Shortly after this event, Fitzhugh Lees division was 
ordered to report to Lieutenart-General Anderson, who was 
sent to Early with Kershaw's division, and the campaign 
of the valley was inaugurated. The important events of 
that campaign are well known. In the disastrous bat le of 



18 

Winchester, General Lee was conspicuous for bis gallanti y, 
and exposed his life on every jjart of the field. 

Three horses were shot under him; one, his beautiful 
mare, " Nellie Gray," a favorite of the command, antl, at 
last, he was brought to the ground by a mirnie ball, which 
pierced his thigh. He was kept from duty by the wouni for 
several months. 

In the Spring of 1865, he was summoned to Richmond, 
and, by order of the Commanding-General, placed in ctm- 
mand of the cavalry corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. 
Shortly thereafter followed the battle of Five Fork.'^, in 
which the mistake was made, not by Fitzhugh Lee, of 
not f. llowing up the first success, wh( n the enemy were 
driven within a quarter of a mile of Dinwiddle Court House. 

The superiority of the Virginia cavahy was never better 
shown than on the retreat which ended at Appomattox 
Court House. Fitzhugh Lee was one of the three corps 
commanders, who with General E. E. Lee, composed the 
council of war, just before the surrender. His cavalry had 
cov( red the retrc at, and been in one scene of incessant ficfht; 
and, though passing events and knowledge of the failure of 
the "cause" were de^nssing the spirits of the men, a more 
gallant or more faithful body never resisted the enemy. It 
was ultimately determined in the council of war, referred 
to, that Fitzhugh Lee and Gordon f-hou'd attack the 
enemy on the road to Appomattox station, so as to cut an 
exit to Lynchburg; the conditions of the attack being re- 
duced to this: If cavalry only was found in front, they might 
push on; if infantry, a surrender was inevitable. 

It is well-known heavy masses of infantry were discovered 
in front; that the enemy showed himself on all sides, and 
that the necessity of suri-ender was accejited. 

In the fight, that morning, two pieces of artillery were 
captured from the enemy, and if r nly Sheridan's caralryhad 



19 

barred the way the surrender would not have taken place at 
Appomattox Coiu-t House. But, after driving Sheridan 
back, the thin lines of Lee and Gordon ran up against the 
Army of the James, and surrender to " overwhelming num- 
bers and resources " became inevitable . 

General Fitzhugh Lee, knowing what would follow, cut 
his way out with a large part of his command, and would 
have goBe to join General Johnston, but learning several 
days afterwards that he, too, was included in the suiTender, 
with that high sense of honor which ever characterized him, 
he promj)tly returned to Farmville and surrendered to 
General Meade in person. 

Going home from the surrender, with his hopes blighted 
and his fortunes ruined, he did not sit down to pine over 
" what might have been," but took off his coat, "beat his 
sword into a plowshare," hitched his war steed to the plow 
and went to work on his desolated farm in Stafford. Or, as 
he himself quaintly expressed it : "I had been accustomed 
all my life to draw corn from the quarter-master, and found 
it rather hard now to draw it from an obstinate soil ; bid I 
did it !" 

General Lee was one of the most universally popular 
soldiers in the Army of Northern Virginia ; indeed, he was a 
favorite with his superiors, the boon companion of his 
brother officers, and the idol of his men. 

" Jeb." Stuart and himself were fast friends. They rode 
together, laughed together, sang together and fought to- 
gether, and one of the tenderest tributes of our war litera- 
ture is a eulogy on Stuart which General Lee jironounced at 
one of the Army of Northern Virginia re-unions held in 
Richmond several years ago. 

Stuart had the very highest opinion of the military ca- 
pacity of his friend, "Fitz," as he lovingly called him, and 
ex-President Davis, in a public speech at the unveiling of 



^0 

the monument to " Stonewall " Jackson in New Orleans, al- 
luded to General Fitzhugh Lee as " the friend and peer of 
'Jeb.' Stuart." 

Since the war Gen. Lee has earnestly sought " the things 
which make for peace," while his conduct has always been 
manly and free from anything approaching to cringing or 
crawling at the feet of power, and has done no little to 
bring about a better feeling between the soldiers of^the two 
sections. 

In 1866 he attended a commencement at the University 
of Virginia, where many of his old soldiers were students, 
and in response to the enthusiastic and pex'sistent calls of 
the crowd, he stepped to the front of the platform, and, 
when the enthusiastic cheers with which he was greeted had 
subsided, he made the following brief but characteristic 
speech : 

" I thank you, comrades 'and friends, for your flattering 
call and your cordial greeting. I would love to sj^eak to 
you. But there is in the State of Virginia, a little village 
called Appomattox Court House, and there on the dth day of 
Axtril, 1865, / suddenly discovered that I had nothing more 
to say." 

He went with the Norfolk Light Infantry Blues, to 
Bunker Hill, in 1874, and there made a speech which 
attracted the attention of the whole country for its manly, 
patriotic utterances. 

In the Winter of 1882, and Spring of 1883, General Lee 
lectured for the benefit of the Southern Historical Society^ 
at Darlington, Charleston, and Greenville, S. C. ; Atlanta, 
Savannah, Augusta, Athens, and Kome, Ga. ; Knoxville, 
Memphis, Nashville, and Gallatin, Tenn. ; Montgomery 
and Mobile, Ala. ; New Orleans, La. ; Galveston, Houston, 
San Antonio, Austin, Waco, Corsicana, and Dallas, Tex.; 
and Little Eock, Ark. ; and everywhere received a splen- 



^1 

did ovation. City und State officials vied with each other 
to do him honor; crowds flocked to hear him, and his 
old army friends were enthusiastic in their expressions of 
admiration and love. 

At the Centennial at Yorktown, he commanded the 
Virginia troops, and received an ovation greater even than 
that accorded to the President of the United States, or any 
one else of the distinguished soldiers and civilians present. 

And at the inaugural of President Cleveland, on the 4th 
of March, 1885, as he rode up Pennsylvania Avenue, at the 
head of the division he commanded, he was greeted every- 
where with cheers and the waving of handkerchiefs, and ac- 
corded an enthusiastic ovation, which surpassed even that 
given to the President himself. 

Speaking of this he modestly said : " It was not personal 
to myself, but merely an expression of the joy of that vast 
multitude that the South had once more been accorded a 
place in this gathering of the whole j^eople of oiu* common 
country." 

When he served on General Hancock's staff at the funeral 
of General Grant, he met the same enthusiastic greeting. 

When he went back to West Point last Summer, as one of ^ 
the Board of Visitors of the Academy, he met with the most 
cordial reception. 

Indeed, there can be but Httle doubt that one of the most 
universally popular men in America — North, South, East^ 
and West, to-day, is our gallant and able soldier, our genial 
and gifted gentleman, our patriotic and devoted citizen — 
General Fitzhugh Lee, the next Governor of Virginia. 



A BEICtADIER-GENEEAL factoey. 



"We cannot do better, in further illustration of the charac- 
ter and antecedents of the subject of this necessarily hasty 
sketch, than to give the exj^erience of one of his own men, 
now a resident of New York. Said this gentleman, to a 
correspondent of the Boston Herald, not long since : 

" ' When I first knew Fitz Lee he was Lieutenant-Colonel 
of the First Regiment of Virginia Cavalry, in which I held 
the position of Private. Stuart, familiarly known as ' Jeb,' 
and to his intimates as ' Beauty Stuart,' was the Colonel of 
the regiment. After the battle of Bull Run, Stuart wanted 
to ride into Washington, as he always maintained he could 
have done, at the head of his regiment. Disapi^ointed 
in that, he pushed his outposts as near to the gates of 
Washington as his superior officers would let him, and 
from that time onward he was almost never in the camp 
of his regiment. He lived on Mason's and Munson's hills, 
leaving Fitz Lee in charge of the camp; and Fitz, or 'Little 
Fitz ' as he was called, was quite as restless and as much 
disposed to live at the front as Stuart himself was. It 
was Fitz's jjractice to take all the men who were able to sit 
up and go on a scouting expedition in front of Stuart's 
lines, leaving the camp in charge of the Chaplain and the 
sore-backed horses. The Chaj^lain — Captain Ball — was as 
belligerent as either of his superiors. It was his practice to 
mount all the sick men on the sore-backed horses, and 
spend his Sundays hunting for something to fight in front 
of Fitz Lee's scouting pai-ties. 



23 

"'Stuart was tlicu made a Brigadier-General, and Fitz 
Lee succeeded liiin as Colonel. Thereupon Stuart said to 
Captain Ball: 'You are about the worst Chaplain I ever 
knew, but you are an uncommonly gocd fighter. I think I 
will make you a Major on my staff, and give you military 
instead of ecclesiastical functions.' Fitz Lee, as soon as he 
had the regiment in his own hands, was not long in win- 
ning a brigade for himself. I remember he said to us, when 
he got his promotion, that the First Begiment of Virginia 
Cavalry was a Brigadier- General factory. * Nobody,' said 
he, ' could command you boys for two months without be- 
coming a General or a corpse.' He was restlessly active 
and vigilant to a degree rarely equaled. He seemed to 
rejoice in a fight for its own sake, and I think he and Stuart 
did as much as anybody else to help McClellan in his difii- 
cult task of restoring the steadiness and morale of the Army 
of the Potomac. 

" 'I have one very vivid recollection of Fitz Lee. He led 
a party of us one day on a scouting exj)edition, and v/e at- 
tacked a strong picket post within sight of a Federal camp. 
No sooner had we ridden through the picket than a body 
of Federal cavalry dashf d out from the camp to attack us. 
My horse was killed under me in the first assault, and when 
the recall sounded I was on foot, with the scattered picket 
guards all around. Then Fitz Lee, who was the last to 
come out, as he had been the first to go in, saw me just in 
time, held out his hand and extended his foot as he galloped 
by. I grasped his hand, placed my foot on his, and with 
the strength of a donkey-engine, he swung me uj) to his 
crupper and carried me out of danger. Naturally, I have 
had a kindly feeling for Fitz Lee ever since that August 
morning. I do not know what sort of politician or states- 
man he is, but I do know that he was a gallantj soldier, a 
feraye man, j^nd a thoroughly goo(l fellow.' " 



THE POLITICAL VIEWS. 



It will be scarcely necessary after this to analyze the 
. character of the candidate of the Democratic j)arty for the 
chief position on its ticket. That he has personal courage 
is not saying the best of hiin, — many men have that — and 
he has proved his on many a dangerous field, — but he has 
the higher courage "which, for want of a better word, we 
call "moral." He preserves his judgment in the midst of 
tumult, is unmoved by flattery, inaccessible to any low 
hiotive. No eminence will make him arrogant — as misfor- 
tune never broke his spirit. He has great presence of mind, 
and a ready, kindly humor. When noisily called for after 
his nomination, he said: "It must have been some time 
since you have seen a Democratic Governor of Virginia, 
since you become so uproarious upon looking at the next 
one." 

The twinkle of the eye when he so calmly assumed his 
election, was irresistible, and there was that touch of good 
comradeship in the remark and the bearing of the speaker 
that would have won over any opponent if there had been 
one there. 

This sketch would be incomplete if we did not give the 
reader, however briefly, an outline of General Lee's politi- 
cal creed. These words, from his eloquent and convincing 
i speech at Accomac on the last of Au[^ust, will show the 
reader where the General " stands." Said the General: 

" It is very true that the leader of the Republican party 
in this State declares that it has been the idle, inconsiderate, 
and vindictive meddling of the Democratic j^arty in the last 
Legislature that has arrested the quiet and orderly settle- 
ment of the whole matter of the debt on the basis of the 
Riddleberger law; but General Mahone's charges are them- 
selves idle. The Democratic party, two years ago in 



25 

Lynchburg aud last month in Richmond, accepted as final 
the settlement of the State debt pronounced constitutional 
by the courts of last resort (Federal and State), and pledged 
itself to oj^pose all agitation of the question or any disturb- 
ance of that settlement by repeal or otherwise. The Legis- 
lature of Virginia also adopted a resolution in both branches 
that ' The jDeople of Virginia have accepted the act of Feb- 
ruary 14, 1882, known as the Riddleberger bill, as the 
ultimate settlement of the debt of this State; that it is their 
unalterable pvirpose that the settlement shall be final, and 
that their exj)ectation that any settlement of the debt of 
this State upon any other basis will ever be made or toler- 
ated by the people of Virginia is absolutely illusory and 
hopeless.' 

" The Democratic party not only accepted, by resolutions 
adopted by its Legislature and State Conventions, the Rid- 
dleberger bill, but also the accompanying measures, known 
as the coujDon killers, in the spirit of its written and the 
letter of its spoken promises. The Democratic party agreed 
to make them effectual by all constitutional legislation 
which it might be called on to enact, or which the exigen- 
cies of any occasion might require. This is what the Dem- 
ocratic party promised, and this is what it performed, 
nothing more or less. Governor Cameron's first message 
to the Legislature called attention to the necessity of prompt 
amendments to these coupon killers. All the measures 
which the Democratic Legislature passed were passed at 
the suggestion of Governor Cameron and with the approval 
of the Republican members of the Legislature. None of 
these measures have impaired or can impair the effect of 
the original acts they were designed only to make effectual." 

General Lee here quoted from Mr. R. T. Barton, of Win- 
chester, in whom he said the bar of the State has the 
greatest confidence. After a full analysis, and after alluding 



y 



/ 



2^ 

to the questions at issue between ex-Governor D. S. 
Chamberlain, of South Carolina, and Congressman Wis-^, 
General Lee gave it as the opinion of tie highest Demo- 
cratic authority that the Democratic party was not responsi- 
ble for the vexatious litigation which the State debt trouble 
has caused. The case of Poindexter against Green aro: e 
before the Democratic amendment of March 13, 1884, and 
in that case the act of January 26, 1882, was declared to be 
UL constitutional, nvill, and void. It was, therefore, uncon- 
stitutional before, and not because of the act of March 13, 
1884. General Lee contended that if, as General Mahone 
assei ts, the action of the last General Assembly was idle, 
inconsiderate, and vindictive, then General Mahone and 
Governor Cameron were responsible for it. 

General Lee then explained his own attitude on the debt 
question. He himself had originally been in favor of pay- 
ing $30,000,000, as the Maeullough bill provided. The 
Deenocratic party, having been defeated on the issue, had 
acquiesced in the decision of the majority. Its skirts were 
clear. 

General Lee then discussed the question of State rights, 
which, it is charged, the Democratic party has raised. He 
quoted from John Hancock and Alexander Hamilton to 
sustain his position, and to justify the Democratic party. 
He held, with the Democratic platform, that the debt 
question had ceased to be a matter of dollars and cents, and 
is noAV a question of State sovereignty, a question in which 
every State in the Union is vitally interested. In 1793 the 
Legislature of Virginia responded to a request from John 
Hancock of Massachusetts, who requested the Legislature 
to consider a question then made prominent by a suit 
against the State of Massachusetts by William Vassals, the 
result of which the Chief Justice, speaking through Bradley, 
says we are bound to give its full and substantial bearing 



'27 

and effect. The remedy, iu General Lee's opinion, is to 
prote it against the bold judicial usurpation of the Supreme 
Court, and insist that the eleventh amendment shall not be 
violated or evaded. The jurisdiction of the Federal courts 
must be kej)t within the plain meaning of the Constitution. 

In discussing his opponent, John S. Wise, General Lee 
was guarded and dignified in his language. He did not 
fail, however, to criticise him severely. 

General Lee dwelt on the necessary development of the 
South in general and Virginia in particular. He proclaimed 
himself thoroughly national in his sympathies. He alluded 
eloquently to his recent visit to New York to participate in 
the funeral obsequies of General Grant. He had realized 
then and there the hearty union of the North and South. 
He had rejoiced that in the South the interests of all the 
people were best promoted by the continuance in power of 
the Democratic party. The South was now beginning to 
prosper. The South has grown prosperous and philosophi- 
cal. It lives in the industrial excitement of the day and the 
industrial hope and promise of the morrow. It is not 
lingering over the pages of last ye:^r's almanac nor chanting 
misereres over the memories of a sanguinary civil feud that 
occurred in this country something like a quarter of a 
century ago. 

General Lee concluded with hearty commendation of 
President Cleveland's Administration, and an eloquent ap- 
peal in behalf of the Democratic party of Virginia. 



28 



ENDORSEMENTS, INCIDENTS, S:C. 



Among the earliest to congratulate General Lee upon bis 
nomination, was General Averill, the well-known Union cav- 
alry leader. Nothing is more indicative of the thorough 
burial of the issues of the war. The following is the 
preceding telegram sent by General Averill: 

Washington, July 30th, 1885. 
Accept my hearty congratulations. I shall rejoice in 
your election. 

W. W. Averill. 

To the dispatch below is signed a name that well matches 
the preceding one, and wakens almost as many memories in 
the old soldier, as that of the candidate him If. 

Lake Park Hotel, Minnetonka, Minn., July 30th, 1885. 
I heartily congratulate you on your nomination. I shall 
help your election. 

T. J. ROSSER. 

Bradley T. Johnson sends his congratulations veiled 
in a saying that will be remembered, at once, by all eld 
"hossback soldiers; " here it is: 

Union Station, Baltimore, Md., Jul3^30th, 1885. 
'* If you want to have a good time, jine the cavalry." 
Twenty-five thousand majority-. 

Bradley T. Johnson. 

These are but samples uf several hundred telegrams 
which were showered upon the candidate, as soon as his 
nomination was known, 



29 

The military organization of the State, civic societies, and 
individuals, hastened to record their approval in this man- 
ner. Newspapers were quite as strong in their endorse- 
ment; and, by this we mean not only those of our own 
State, but those, which, being removed from direct interest in 
the contest, are qualified to sjDeak of the issues and prospects 
of the campaign with impartiality and calmness. 

These are the words of the " New York World: " 

" The Democratic Convention was made up of the most dis- 
tinguished and honorable citizens of Virginia. Its proceed- 
ings were dignified, and bespoke a confidence of victory. 
Its platform is one which the peojDle will heartily endorse. 
It opposes excessive taxation, and the further agitation of 
the "settled debt" question; leaves to the people in count- 
ies and districts to decide the liquor and beer question for 
themselves; condemns the employment of convict labor in 
competition with honest free labor; maintains that reduc- 
tion in taxation can, and must be made without depriving 
American labor of the ability to compete successfully with 
foreign labor; endorses civil service reform, while demand- 
ing the removal of offensive partisans and dishonest ofiicials, 
and commends President Cleveland's Administration. 

" The name of Fitzhugh Lee for Governor, is in itself a tower 
of strength. With John E. Massey for Lieutenant Governor, 
and an acceptable platform, a Democratic triumph is 
not even doubtful." 

Says the "Baltimore Sun:" ,,.;.. , . ^ ■ 

" The nomination of General Fitzhugh Lee for the office of 
Governor of Virginia, inaugurates a campaign which prom- 
ises to be not only interesting, but decisive. In General 
Lee, the Democrats of the " Old Dominion " have a leader 
whose name, associated as it is with everything of which 
Virginians are proud, from the revolutionary period down to 



30 

the present day, is sure to stir the heart and win support. 
Distinguished for his services as commander of the cavalry 
of the Army of Northern Virginia, during the last year of 
the civil war, and eminent since the war in the prac- 
tice of the civic virtues of which his uncle, General R. 
E. Lee, was so great an exemplar, the Democratic nominee 
is in every way fitted to restore to the gubernatorial office 
in Virginia the lustre it once possessed. The State itself, 
under his guidance, may well expect to regain among the 
other States of the Union, the position of honor and pre-em- 
inence it so worthily held. His success in the coming fight 
will mean, of course, the disruption of the peculiar Read- 
juster-Republican organization called into existence in 1879 
by Mahone, and later, with the cement of Federal patronage, 
compacted into the most perfect politcal machine ever con- 
structed within the limits of a Southern State. 

"The action of the Convention in nominating Mr. 
Massey, "the father of Readjusterism,'' for the office of 
Lieutenant-Governor, was dictated by a wise regard for the 
susceptibilities of the " original Readjuster " element of the 
party, while the nomination of Mr. Ay res for Attorney-General 
will be particularly grateful to the young Democracy of 
South-western Virginia, and will doubtless add strength to 
theticket. The platform upon which the nominees will stand 
embraces all the live issues of State and national politics. 

" Upon the whole, the platform is a good fighting document 
in Virginia, and is expected to contribute not a little to the 
success, this Fall, to which most Virginia Democrats look 
forward with a considerable degree of confidence." 

We will, perhaps, be forgiven, if we give the efibrt of an 
enthusiast as fore-shadowing the inevitable result of the 
coming election. If it is a little halting, the reader must 
pardon the scanning, in view of the sentiment — 



31 

Our opponent is sad, boys, 

And heaveth heavy sighs; 
He has a doubt, as well he may, 

A 5 Avlio shall get the prize. 
One thing he may be sure of, 

Let him wipe his weeping eyes; 
Our chief will be a wise one, 

But will not be one Wise. 

Here we leave our great subject, confident that in his 
personal character, in his past achievements as soldier, 
farmer and citizen, and in his political opinions and con- 
duct, the people of Virginia have every guarantee that his 
occupation of the gubernatorial chair of Virginia will re- 
dound to his own honor and that of the grand old State. 



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